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The understanding and the control of the underlying physics affecting the macroscopic properties is the key point for producing high-quality superconductors suitable for applications, combined with the development of a sustainable processing approach.
Very complex behaviour is obtained when dealing with HTS materials, as mentioned, particularly in 3D configurations and/or combined with heterogeneous functional and structural materials.
There are increasing needs for technical progress in the electric power grid, transportation and industry for facing the Energy Transition. Larger exploitation of renewable energy sources and the shift to carbon-free electric mobility are mandatory.
Several concerns exist related to HTS cost efficiencies, environmental impacts and applicability that hinder a broad market penetration of these technologies.